The real estate industry in China has undergone rapid expansion since the commercialization and marketization measures of the housing market in 1998. Particularly during periods of economic downturn and crisis, real estate has been utilized as a primary tool for economic recovery, leading to an expansion in market size, with widespread oversupply and price bubbles forming as a result. This outcome is closely related to the debt-dependent management structure of real estate companies. When regulatory measures aimed at improving financial soundness, these companies may face short-term liquidity pressures, revealing the risks of default and bankruptcy. Taking these concerns into account, China has recently focused on preemptively preventing systemic risks arising from the real estate sector, despite the overall market downturn. The ‘Three Red Lines Regulation’, introduced to correct the excessive debt management of real estate companies and enhance financial soundness, is seen as a measure aimed at preventing these risks. This study aims to analyze the changes in real estate sector policies and examine the impact of the ‘Three Red Lines Regulation’ on the debt repayment ability of real estate companies by tracking changes in relevant key indicators. Chapter 3 reviews the general status of the Chinese real estate market and the changes in policies within the real estate sector. This chapter confirms that excessive concentration of credit resources in real estate, the debt-dependent management structure of real estate companies, and the vulnerability of private Chinese companies in the real estate sector have ultimately led to a shift in policy direction as the authorities became more aware of the risks in the real estate sector. Chapter 4 of this study explores the impact of the ‘Three Red Lines Regulation’, implemented amidst changing perceptions and policy directions in the Chinese real estate market, on key indicators of debt repayment ability, such as the interest coverage ratio of major real estate companies. This analysis was conducted using literature reviews, statistical analyses, and other quantitative methodologies, with references to data from sources such as the National Bureau of Statistics of China, Wind, the People's Bank of China, and academic materials. The results of this study first confirm that, instead of utilizing real estate as an economic stimulus tool with aggressive support measures during periods of economic downturn as in previous crises, China has shifted its policy focus toward risk control and stable management. Starting with the supply-side structural reform in 2015, China recognized the expansion of debt in the real estate sector as a major risk factor for the real economy, and in the Central Financial Work Conference of 2017, it placed special emphasis on preventing these risks. In the Central Economic Work Conferences of 2022 and 2023, China continued to focus on prevention and regulation, ensuring that no systemic risks originating from the real estate sector would emerge, with the ‘Three Red Lines Regulation’ being an extension of this policy direction. Regarding the impact of the ‘Three Red Lines Regulation’ on the debt repayment ability of real estate companies, it was observed that the cash flow and debt repayment capacity of many real estate companies, including Evergrande Group, weakened after the implementation of the regulation. This was confirmed through changes in trends across seven key indicators, such as the interest coverage ratio and cash ratio. However, this study did not fully explore the asset quality, distress levels, and overall risk in China's real estate market. Future research will focus on a more comprehensive assessment of these factors, including stress testing of major real estate companies.

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Since China emerged as the world's second-largest economy, competition between the US and China has been an important research topic in theoretical and practical fields. As the competition for technological hegemony between the two countries intensified, the US has continued to sanction Huawei, which leads China's high-tech industry. Due to the successive US sanctions, Huawei has experienced a sharp decline in sales and management difficulties but has overcome this situation through a change in management strategy. Accordingly, this study analyzed how the mechanism (M) created from Huawei's management subject (s), environment (e), and company-owned resources (r) worked in the era of US-China technological competition based on the Ser-M Framework. As a result of the analysis from the ser-M perspective, Huawei has actively invested in technology and critical talent based on the founder's leadership in response to the strengthened US government sanctions since 2019. Through this, Huawei successfully adapted to the changed situation by securing core technologies in the communications field and building its semiconductor supply chain while showing high growth potential in expanding its business areas. It is analyzed as a 'resource creation mechanism (S-R-E).' Accordingly, this paper aims to provide implications for Korean companies of the strategic shift taken by Huawei, which is at the center of the cutting-edge technology competition, to overcome the growing US sanctions on Chinese companies due to the intensifying competition between the US and China.

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In the era of deindustrialization around 2000, changes have been required in industrial economy-centered city development paradigm. In the process, as a sustainable city development strategy which takes society, economy, and environment into consideration, urban regeneration received attention. Especially, a cultural resource-oriented approach plays a major role in development into a culture city. Culture city is a concept which emphasizes value and meaning of cultural resources, cultural activities, and cultural life. It strengthens the city’s competitiveness utilizing local history, nature, ecology and local festival in cities where various cultures coexist. City of Beijing, an example in this study, is a representative culture city of China which preserves profound cultural heritage and cultural resources as a capital of history and tradition. In 2023, city of Beijing expanded spatial support for performing art industry promotion through government policy which was announced to develop ‘A City of Performing Art.’ Display and performing places settled down as representing Beijing are Beijing Yanjing Bajue Museum, Huabin Opera, comedy theaters which recycled old wooden buildings, and Taihu Performing Arts Workshop, a remodeled fish farm, which shows traditional Chinese plays. The example of culture city development offers an important model to other cities and shows possibilities of sustainable city development. Beyond economic growth of Beijing, it will contribute to the city’s identity intensification and international cultural exchange.

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Since the inauguration of the Yoon Suk-yeol administration, the ROK-US alliance has been upgraded, ROK-Japan relations have rapidly improved and the ROK-US-Japan trilateral security cooperation mechanism is being constructed. However, ROK-China relations have seen a setback, diplomacy was fraught with friction, and the high-level communications have also stalled. These circumstances indicate that the previous hedging strategy of ROK has changed. Now ROK has chosen Strategic clarity. This paper takes the reasons for foreign policy adjustment of the Yoon Suk-yeol administration as the research question. This paper uses the analytical framework of Neoclassical Realism. During the research, it was found that the space for ROK to maintain its hedging strategy has become smaller and as a result of being stimulated by the international system, opinions demanding strategic clarity in ROK have increased. Eventually, ROK made new foreign policy adjustments based on the dual factors of the international system and domestic politics.

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Online game addiction has become an significant factor hindering the healthy development of Chinese adolescents. This study aims to explore the changing topics in literature focused on the internet game addiction among young people in China, with the intention of proposing directions for academic focus and policy enactment. Using 781 articles published between 2001-2024 articles retrieved from the China Network Database. Using CiteSpace software, this study comprehensively reviews the development history, hot topics, and trends in research on online game addiction among Chinese adolescents from two dimensions: external characteristics (annual publication volume and research power distribution) and internal characteristics (keyword co-occurrence, clustering, timeline, and emergent themes). The research shows that the number of publications on online game addiction among Chinese adolescents has been steadily increasing; however, academic exchange between authors and research institutions needs to be strengthened. The hot topics include the current status and regulation of online games, causes of addiction, characterization of student groups, and clinical research. The future trend points towards a multidimensional framework for studying online game addiction. These findings provide a clear direction for subsequent studies and highlight the need to strengthen the academic exchange between authors and research institution. Additionally, they contribtue to the development of scientific research on online game additin among Chinese adolescence and provide evidence to support the enactment of new policy.

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This study aims to compare and analyze the roles of Chinese popular music education and traditional music education in the personal development of university students. Selecting students from comprehensive universities in China as research subjects, this study employs surveys and interviews to investigate differences in curriculum content, teaching methods, and educational goals between the two educational models. Popular music education has gained recognition in higher education for its flexibility and innovation, while traditional music education is renowned for its cultural depth and technical rigor. Through comparative analysis, this study reveals the strengths and weaknesses of each method in cultivating students’ creativity, technical skills, cultural inclusivity, and critical thinking. The research adopts Gardner’ s multiple intelligences theory, focusing on creativity, technical skills, emotional expression, social abilities, and cultural identity as core indicators. Results show that popular music education enhances creativity and social engagement, while traditional music education excels in developing technical skills and cultural appreciation. The study proposes integrating both approaches through course design, modern music technology, and diverse evaluation methods to foster students’ multidimensional growth. This integration offers educators new perspectives and tools, emphasizing the importance of technical training and creative development in music education. Unlike previous studies focusing on a single educational model, this research provides practical strategies for advancing music education innovation and development.

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In the era of globalization, higher education not only plays a critical role in nurturing talent and promoting scientific and technological innovation, but it also faces various challenges such as international competition and changing social demands. As higher education systems around the world continue to evolve and transform, there are differences in the design, operational mechanisms, and evaluation indicators of higher education assessment models across countries, while at the same time, they face a series of common challenges and issues. Therefore, this study aims to compare and reference the higher education assessment models of China, South Korea, and the United States under the backdrop of globalization. The results show that China's higher education assessment model is mainly government-led, with participation from universities and the public; South Korea's model is primarily government-led, involving evaluations by professional assessment agencies, with joint efforts from private institutions and market forces; and the United States' model is mainly based on government delegation, led by accreditation agencies, and self-evaluation by universities. The findings aim to promote the exchange of experiences and cooperation among higher education institutions in different countries and to contribute to the qualitative improvement and joint development of global higher education.

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Educational informatization is an important source of power for realizing educational modernization. The informatization of elementary education in the new era is the informatization of education supported by new concepts, new models, and new technologies, and will promote education reform in all aspects. The aim of this study is to examine the evolution and development of basic educational informatization in China over the past two decades. This will assist the academic community in understanding the progress of education and technology in China, as well as inform future research in this field. The study used CNKI advanced retrieval, K-Means clustering algorithm, Python programming language and Gephi-based data visualization and other research methods to analyze journal documents on the theme of elementary education informatization in the CNKI database since the new century and found that: elementary education information Chemical research has significant characteristics in terms of publication trends, author group identification, journal distribution, institutional distribution, cooperative relationships, keyword co-occurrence networks, and hot topic evolution. The research topics of elementary education informatization mainly include meta-theoretical analysis of educational informatization, teacher information literacy and professional capacity building, construction and application of regional elementary education informatization, performance evaluation of elementary education informatization, fair and balanced development of education and informatization construction. , the integrated application of informatization and curriculum teaching, and a review of foreign education informatization. Based on the current research status of elementary education informatization, future research on this topic should be further expanded and improved from the fields of informatization application and effectiveness analysis of educational subjects, network security environment construction of educational informatization, and moral education of educational informatization.

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The rapid development of China's digital economy, spurred by proactive government initiatives, has positioned digital transformation as a key driver of economic growth and a focal point of societal interest. An increasing number of Chinese enterprises are viewing digital transformation as a crucial strategy for gaining competitive advantages and overcoming external challenges. Within this context, our study empirically investigates the impact of digital transformation on the performance of listed manufacturing companies in China. We utilize panel data from 2013 to 2022, focusing on A-share manufacturing listed firms. Furthermore, we conduct an in-depth analysis of the mediating roles of production efficiency, innovation capability, and supply chain efficiency. Our empirical findings reveal that digital transformation significantly enhances the operational performance of Chinese manufacturing firms. Also, the study validates the critical roles of 3 mediating variables: we demonstrate that digital transformation can improve Chinese firms' operational performance by enhancing production efficiency, bolstering innovation capacity, and optimizing supply chain efficiency. These discoveries elucidate the impact pathways of digital transformation, offering valuable insights for Chinese manufacturing enterprises in formulating strategies to enhance performance within the context of the digital economy. Moreover, these findings hold significant implications for Korean businesses as well.

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The application of artificial intelligence technology in special education is receiving increasing attention. In mobile learning environments, intelligent technology provides personalized and accessible language learning support for disabled students, potentially promoting educational equity and enhancing the learning experience. However, existing research has paid little attention to the factors influencing disabled students' acceptance of AI-assisted mobile foreign language vocabulary learning and the underlying mechanisms. This study targets 301 disabled college students, applying PLS-SEM to explore how system characteristics such as perceived accessibility, perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use influence students' acceptance through cognitive and affective attitudes. The research finds that perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and perceived accessibility have decreasing levels of influence on students' acceptance, respectively. Cognitive and affective attitudes play a dual mediating role between external stimuli factors and acceptance, but perceived accessibility only influences acceptance through cognitive attitude rather than affective attitude. These findings reveal key psychological factors and mechanisms in disabled students' adoption of new technology, highlighting the importance of perceived ease of use and emotional experience. They enrich research on technology acceptance behavior in special education and provide empirical evidence and practical insights for optimizing the design and promotion of related learning systems. The results of this study have important reference value for the in-depth application and innovative development of artificial intelligence technology in special education.

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