This report analyzes the efficiency of tourism industry of 31 provinces in China, using DEA Window Analysis and DEA-Mamlquist index, period from 2003 to 2013. According to the quantitative analysis, found that 1) the total factor productivity of Chinese tourism industry regions are: east, northeast, west and central part. As for other regions, the economic development in east region is relatively high, the infrastructure conduction is relatively completed, and the environment for the development of tourism industry is relatively good. 2) from 2003 to 2007, there are big differences between the input and output in tourism industry in each region, which due to the unbalance of the development of macroeconomic in China. And the process of the production in most of the region’s tourism industry still needs a lot of infrastructure construction, the whole tourism development actually still in the stage of high input- low output, so the tourism industry in many cities is inefficient. 3) from the efficiency analysis since 2009 to 2013, which showed that the efficiency of Chinese tourism industry remains a growing situation, during this period, the infrastructure conduction in each regions almost already improved, so in the this stage is low input- high output.

• EndNote
• RefWorks
• Scholar's Aid
• BibTeX

Export Citation Cancel

Treasury interest rates are determined in the financial markets based on the macroeconomic situations of a country. Forming a reasonable and stable bond market interacting with the real economy allows the government to raise the necessary funds for fiscal outlays in a timely manner with minimal costs and the issuance and circulation of government bonds is crucial for the overall development of the financial markets. In addition, government bonds function as a means to provide information required to carry out macroeconomic policies. Recognizing the importance of securing efficiency and stability of the government bond markets, the Chinese government announced the 12th Five-year plan for the revamping and development of the financial businesses, which is a willingness to reform the overall financial industry. China's government bond markets have not yet been developed very much currently, which is why the author of this paper examined the factors hindering the development of the Chinese government bond markets in terms of suppliers and buyers. First, it has been found out that there have not been a lot of demands for the issuance of government bonds due to an illusion from the debt-free policy in the past and dualized finances after the reformation of tax assignment system. And the impact of government bonds on the inflation was not significant when the volumes of the government bonds issued within the market. These imply the reason why the Chinese government has not issued a sufficient amount of government bonds. Solving the constraints on the issuer's side is dependent on the will of the Chinese government and it is expected to be solved in a short period of time. Conversely, solving the constraints on the investors' side seems to be more difficult. If there is a possibility of heightened sovereign risk of China due to endogenous problems inherent in China, demands to participate in the market by investors, especially foreign investors, may shrink due to an uncertainty of government bonds rates and widening volatility of the exchange rate. Moreover, investors cannot but to hesitate to invest in Chinese government bonds when they are far less liquid than the government bonds of other countries. Finally, a number of regulations exist in the Chinese government bond markets makes it hard for potential investors to access to the markets, impeding the diversity of bond investors, which is a restricting factor for the vitalization of the government bond markets. Like this, strong constraint factors become the reason why the government bond markets operate efficiently and why the investors' information on the real economy cannot be reflected on the Chinese government bond markets immediately. For China to grow the financial industry and to use more efficient macroeconomic policies shown by Western society, it needs to reform inefficient situations that exist in the overall financial market. In particular, given the importance of government bonds, it needs to have a more minute analysis on factors distorting the government bond markets and draw up solutions. If such restricting factors are to be solved, the Chinese bond market is expected to secure efficiency and to gradually develop in connection with the real economy while initiating a reforming of the Chinese financial industry.

• EndNote
• RefWorks
• Scholar's Aid
• BibTeX

Export Citation Cancel

Alibaba group was not accepted by the HKEX due to its “dual-class shares” and chose the US, which triggers a discussion of the feasibility of “dual-class shares” in china. The “dual-class shares” has always been controversial because of its conflict of the “equity” spirit of governance. But in reality the “dual-class shares” option is in accordance with the corporate governance and the protection of shareholders’ rights and interests. In view of the current social environment in China, the “dual-class shares” should be given a certain space of existing.

• EndNote
• RefWorks
• Scholar's Aid
• BibTeX

Export Citation Cancel

In recent years, China’s floating population has been showing a new trend of “stop flowing”. According to “the Dynamic Monitoring Data of China’s floating Population in 2014” provided by National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People’s Republic of China, this paper had analyzed the residing preference of the floating population in Beijing. There were some new discoveries. At first, around 60% of the floating population had a desire of living in Beijing for a long time. According to statistics, the total number was between 4,900,000 and 5,074,000. Secondly, From the perspective of the individual characteristics, those who were between 30 and 39 years old and met some conditions, such as had a college degree or above, non-agricultural registered permanent residence and a relatively higher income, have been married, their family had moved to Beijing,have been living in Beijing for 5 years and so on, would show a stronger desire to stay in Beijing. Secondly, from the perspective of social integration, those who had been keeping a closer contact with the locals would more prefer to stay in Beijing, especially those who had regarded themselves as local residents were more willing to stay, but some people still more identified their original identity and had taken different attitudes. Thirdly, From the point of psychological factors, the people who were more satisfied with the life status more preferred to live in Beijing for a long time.

• EndNote
• RefWorks
• Scholar's Aid
• BibTeX

Export Citation Cancel

With two questionnaires named Money Ethics Scale and Questionnaire on the Attribution to Corruption, which are designed by myself, this study investigates randomly 253 officials, to analyze their money profiles, and the relation between money profiles and the style of attribution to corruption. The results show that there are 9 factors of MES (Good, Evil, Make Money, Budget Money, Success, Equity, Happy, Motivator and Charity) and four money attitude profiles (Achieving Money Worshiper, Careless Money Admirer, Apathetic Money Handler, and Money Repeller) in Chinese officials; there are significant different on attribution to Internality, Stability and Uncontrollability among Achieving Money Worshiper, Money Repeller and Careless Money Admirer, that is, Achieving Money Worshiper has more possibility to attribute corruption to internal, unstable and uncontrollable factors than others.

• EndNote
• RefWorks
• Scholar's Aid
• BibTeX

Export Citation Cancel

In recent years, with the development of national economy and the improvement of living level, people have got higher and higher requirements for the quality food, especially fresh agricultural products. Because of the perishability of fresh agricultural products, they must be transported and stored with cold chain. Among them, the perishability of aquatic products is more prominent. However, there are a lot of problems in China’s cold chain logistics. In order to improve the efficiency of the cold chain and get the situation of cold chain better, a research for the cold chian logistics mode seems to be needed. Under the fourth party logistics theory, this paper attempts to analyze and explore new mode of aquatic products and cold chain logistics by analyzing both domestic and international cold chain logistics. This paper introduces the background of the subject, the purpose, as well as domestic and international research status. And then proposes the related concepts of aquatic product and cold chain logistics. This dissertation analyzes the commonness and characteristics of the cold chain logistics of aquatic products in foreign countries. And then illustrates the problem of aquatic products cold chain logistics in china compared with the developed countries and introduces the typical cold chain pattern of aquatic products in the developed countries. Finally, this dissertation proposed the model how the cold chain logistic can be applied to disdistributing aquatic product. As the funds of enterprise are not sufficient, we can absorb the government, banks, quality inspection institutions, transportation departments into the platform. The government and enterprises share the function of build, guiding and supervising of the platform. This paper attempts to realize the great leap forward development in the mode of market cultivation and logistics development.

• EndNote
• RefWorks
• Scholar's Aid
• BibTeX

Export Citation Cancel

중국은 11개의 성⋅시가 해안지역에 위치하고 있으며, 세계에서 가장 긴 해 안선을 가지고 있어 해양자원이 풍부하다. 이에 중국은 해양경제를 국가의 기 간산업이며 미래의 새로운 성장 동력으로 인식하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서 는 지금까지 중국의 해양경제와 해양산업에 대하여 분석한 후, 중국 해양경제 발전에 있어 전략적으로 중요한 저장성의 해양경제 발전 전략에 대하여 분석하 였다. 이러한 분석을 토대로 하여 저장성 정부의 향후 해양경제 발전 전략은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 지정학적 위치와 자연 환경을 이용하여 경제의 글로벌화를 지속적으로 추진하여 새로운 물동량을 창출하며 새로운 운송망을 구축하기 위 한 노력을 추진할 것이다. 둘째, 중앙정부와 저장성 정부의 재정지원을 이용하 여 신재생에너지 자원을 개발하기 위한 프로젝트를 진행할 것이다. 셋째, 지속 적인 금융개혁을 통하여 새로운 금융상품 개발과 금융 보험 등을 통하여 해양 경제 건설에 필요한 자금 수요를 충족시켜 나갈 것이다. 넷째, 해양관련 교육을 통한 전문가를 양성하고 해양과학기술에 대한 R&D 투자를 확대할 것이다. 다 섯째, 글로벌 환경규제를 고려하여 환경오염을 줄일 수 있는 방안을 고려해야 한다.

• EndNote
• RefWorks
• Scholar's Aid
• BibTeX

Export Citation Cancel

The 1978’s Chinese Grate Transformation(Reformation & Open-Door Policy) caused china to fully construct Economy Infrastructure’ conditions. According to Productive Force(Chinese Economy Power), China need to the great change of Productive Relation(The New Relation of Great Power), which is called hegemony power. In the core of discussion, There is a grand project which is ‘One Belt & One Road’(OBOR). This paper was divided into four parts and analyzed implication of political economy of the Maritime Silk Road as follows. The first chapter introduced the research background, object, and method in the political economy perspective. The second part illustrated the chinese sea order and marine awareness. The third part focused on the chinese strategy change of ‘The Hire a Port & Push Out to Sea’ and Chinese Blockade Strategy. The fourth part analyzed completion of the obstacle factors and threat problems. And then, This article will provides the policy and suggestion to improve the Implications of the Maritime Silk Road.

• EndNote
• RefWorks
• Scholar's Aid
• BibTeX

Export Citation Cancel

주지하다시피 중국은 이미 세계 최대의 이산화탄소 배출국으로서 이산화탄소 등 대기오염 물질의 급속한 배출 증가와 이로 인한 환경오염은 중국의 심각한 사회문제가 되고 있다. 중국 정부도 이러한 대기오염 문제를 해결하기 위해 다 양한 정책들을 제시하고 있으며, 최근에는 이러한 정책 조치의 일환으로 탄소 배출권 거래제를 시범실시하고 있다. 그러나 탄소배출권 거래제도는 기존에 존재하던 제도가 아닌 환경보호의 필 요성으로 인하여 인류가 새로이 발명해낸 제도라는 점에서 탄소배출권의 법적 성질이나 탄소배출권 거래를 규율해야 할 법원리 등이 아직 명확하게 정리되지 못한 상황이다. 이에 중국 학계에서도 중국법 체계하에서 탄소배출권의 법적 성질을 밝히고자 하는 노력들이 나타나고 있다. 지금까지 제기된 학설들을 살펴보면 중국에서는 탄소배출권의 권리성을 인정 하는 것을 전제로 크게 사권(私权)으로 보는 견해와 공권(公权)으로 보는 견해 로 나뉘고 있으며, 사권으로 보는 견해는 다시 민법상의 재산권으로 이해하는 견해와 민법 이외의 재산권으로 이해하는 견해로 구분된다. 우선 탄소배출권을 민법상의 재산권으로 이해하는 견해는 다시 물권으로 이 해하는 견해와 준물권으로 이해하는 견해로 구분되는데, 두 견해 모두 인간의 생존을 유지하고 자연의 훼손을 야기시키지 않는 전제하에서 자연이 수용할 수 있는 오염물 총량을 의미하는 ‘환경용량’이라는 개념을 전제로 논의를 전개하 고 있다. 하지만, 환경용량이라는 개념 자체가 물권의 객체인 ‘물건’으로써의 성질을 가지고 있다고 보기 어렵기 때문에 이 견해들은 설득력이 떨어진다고 생각된다. 또한 이 견해들은 국가가 토지에 대한 소유권을 갖고 있고, 이에 대 한 사용권을 개인이나 기업에게 분배하는 중국 특유의 사용권 모델을 탄소배출 권 거래에 차용하려는 의도에서 시도된 것이지만 설사 환경용량의 개념을 인정 한다 하더라도 환경용량에 대한 국가의 소유권을 인정하기는 어렵다. 따라서 탄소배출권을 물권 내지 준물권으로 이해하는 견해는 설득력이 떨어진다고 할 수 있다. 다음으로 ‘환경용량’이라는 개념을 전제로 탄소배출권을 공권의 일종 인 환경권으로 이해하는 견해 역시 물권 내지 준물권으로 이해하는 견해에 대 한 의문이 동일하게 적용될 수 있다. 마지막으로 민법 이외의 재산권으로 이해 하는 견해는 탄소배출권에 재산권성을 과도하게 인정할 경우 오히려 주객이 전 도되어 탄소배출권의 도입목적인 국가 온실가스 감축목표 달성이 어려워질 수 도 있다는 문제점이 있다. 따라서 중국법 체계하에서 탄소배출권은 본질적으로는 공권이지만 온실가스 감축목표 달성을 위해 예외적으로 법률이 그 처분성을 허용한 것으로 이해하는 것이 타당하며, 이후 탄소배출권 거래제도 구축에 있어서도 이러한 관점을 고려하는 것이 바람직하다고 생각된다.

• EndNote
• RefWorks
• Scholar's Aid
• BibTeX

Export Citation Cancel

The purpose of this study verifies: the relationships between transactional leadership and organizational citizenship behavior, and between transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behavior. In order to verify the relationships, data obtained from 211 employees in Korea at Gyeonggi-do and 196 employees in China at Shandong province. Techniques used in analyzing data was regression. The summary of the study results are as the following. First, the relationship between transactional leadership and organizational citizenship behavior is positively related and much stronger in Chinese employees than in Korean employees. Second, the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behavior is positively related and much stronger in Chinese employees than in Korean employees. Finally, the sub-factors of transformational and transactional leadership style have a difference effects on the scales of OCB. Based on the these findings, the implications and the limitations of the this study were presented including directions for future studies.

• EndNote
• RefWorks
• Scholar's Aid
• BibTeX

Export Citation Cancel