习近平总书记在去年９月和１０月分别提出建设 “新丝绸之路经济带”和 “２１ 世纪海上丝绸之路”的战略构想, 强调相关各国要打造互利共赢的 “利益共同 体”和共同发展繁荣的 “命运共同体”。 “一带一路”倡议是中国为实现世界和平 稳定、发展繁荣提供的公共产品, 是大家携手前进的阳光大道。“一带一路”沿线 的国家与地区,尤其是欠发达国家与地区,渴望通过 “一带一路”战略,改善积弱的 基础设施建设,修建通往富庶和繁荣的道路。 韩国釜山对中国贸易依存度非常高的市场。现在釜山出口贸易继续萧条。正 经济萧条来了,釜山怎么办? 本研究目的是在 “一带一路”战略基础上, 对釜山会 有怎样的影响? 研究提出了解释釜山的一带一路战略实施计划与执行方案。 宁 波市和釜山市经济协力友好城市。宁波是港口城市, 是古代海上丝绸之路的必经 地。一带一路必然对宁波港北仑港港口发展带来好处, 还有对外贸易行业也会有 推动的吧。 在 “一带一路”建设中, 东北三省定位为中国向北开放的重要窗口。让 “一带 一路”成为老工业基地振兴的新起点, 期待新腾飞。中国珲春至韩国釜山陆海联 运航线2015年开通,吸引更多韩国资本进入中国东北地区。釜山 “一带一路”项目 整体发展战略建议方案。

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Since early 2000s leading ICT firms of China have succeeded in supplying low price products as well as diversifying their products. Some of them became global players beyond China. However there also exist skeptical arguments for their fast follower capabilities because the success of Chinese ICT firms resulted from just an imitation rather than the innovation. It would be meaningful to look into the diversification strategy because the innovation is closely concerned with the diversification. Accordingly this study looked into the diversification strategy and the performance of Chinese leading ICT firms; Huawei, ZTE, BYD, Tencent and Midea. To do so the managerial performance trend of each firm was reviewed and key features were picked out. In addition diversification condition and type of each firm was analyzed. In result the internal capabilities of leading ICT firms turned out to be two points; the rapid responsiveness for local demands and the flexible organization structure for diversification. However the domestic market centered business and the imitation oriented innovation would hinder the sustainable growth of these firms.

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The purpose of this paper is to explore the development process and the change for the participating parties from the leader of the first generation up to the fifth generation and to research political influence expansion strategy of the participating party of China under the Chinese Communist Party system since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949. The participating party of China that was created as of 1930 could be analyzed to provide the basis of development of political parties of China by the roles, emergence process of the parties as a variety of forms and the relationship setup with the Communist party in process of the establishment of minor parties as political parties except only the governing party, the Communist Party, in China through factor analyzing method and correlation analysis. Also, since the death of Mao Zedong and the reform and opening up of Chinese economy by Deng Xiaoping in 1976, the participating party was figured out that it has typified on the role of the responsible political parties. Currently, to outward appearances, eight minor parties keep remarkably showing more and more roles as the political party etc working in the various fields of the political system in China. In this situation, participating parties in China have made many changes according to China’s leaders and their cognizance change. Especially participating parties’ role has undergone many changes depending on the variation of the leadership of the ruling party from Mao Zhedong up to the Xi Jinping respectively and it also has been demonstrated the political influence as various forms of the political party. In the future, China’s minor political parties have been analyzed that they could be extinguished, absorbed and integrated by changes of the Chinese ruling party, the Communist Party’s policy moto by realistic policy than any ideology. Under the special political system and party political situation of China, it presented ways that can be extended to their political influence for the minor parties somewhat limited in political participation in the political arena reflecting various activators such as the strengthening of supervisory authorities, the legal requirements of the Parties’ role, training of specialized human resource etc.

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The urbanization plan of the Chinese government has worked to solve urban problems and promote economic growth. This article discusses the construction of smart cities, which is one of the Chinese government’s urbanization plans. This new-type urbanization in China aims to improve the efficiency of urban services, reduce costs and resource consumption, improve contact between citizens and the government and promote economic growth. The smart city plan is a noteworthy branch of new-type urbanization because it strives to build cooperation among the government, companies and society and to build congruent local policies between every single city. The Chinese national innovation system focuses on combining a central governmental role with a public-private partnership innovation program. However, the role of the Chinese government is even more important when private companies hesitate to invest in research and development because it is too hard to recoup funds quickly in the early stages of technical development. Although this cooperation system among the government, companies and society has already been established, the Chinese national system is not ruled by the private sector but by a central government. Therefore, the government’s authority to control and launch new technology in urban areas will be more significant.

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The purpose of this study verifies the relationships between Servant Leadership and all sub-factors of Psychological Empowerment, and Authentic Leadership and all sub-factors of Psychological Empowerment in Korea and China. In order to investigate the relationships, data obtained from 248 employees in Korea at Seoul/Gyeonggi-do and 229 employees in China at Beijing/Hebei province. A technique used in analyzing data was regression. The paper summarizes a concept of Servant Leadership, Authentic Leadership and Psychological Empowerment by following an in depth analysis of former theories. The summary of the study results are as the following. First, Servant Leadership exhibits relationships with all sub-factors of empowerment in Chinese employees. It shows relationships with ‘meaning’, ‘self-determination’ and ‘impact’ of empowerment but ‘competence’ in Korean employees. Second, Authentic Leadership plays a significant role in the formation of all sub-factors of empowerment in Chinese employees. Also, Authentic Leadership plays an important role in the formation of ‘self-determination’, ‘meaning’ and ‘impact’ of empowerment but ‘competence’ in Korean employees. With the result of this study, Servant Leadership and Authentic Leadership has more impacts on Psychological Empowerment in China than in Korea. Based on these findings, the implications and the limitations of the study were presented including directions for future studies.

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This thesis is a case study on JD’s distribution network for its international B2C market. Jingdong.com is one of the most famous online retailers on China Internet Commerce market. After 2010, B2C has already become the main economic growth momentum on China online market. Differentiated from Tmall.com, which acts as a transmission role, JD’s main business model is to do direct purchasing from the manufacturers and then to resell the products to consumers. Such way not only ensures the authenticity of the products, but also requires an extensive distribution network and both of the two together are working as the core competitive strategy for JD. Until June, 2015, JD’s distribution network has covered 2043 districts and counties. It owns 7 levels A distribution center, 166 logistics warehouses in 44 cities and offers overnight delivery for 50% of the area. Moreover, “zero tolerance” policy is adopted whenever a counterfeit article is found and thus JD has built its credibility among consumers. From 2008 to 2014, the average growth of B2C overseas direct purchasing market has recorded as 94% yearly. On one respect, the Chinese government encourages such purchasing as it is considered helpful to stimulate the domestic demand market. And on the other respect, from the consumers’ point of view, overseas direct purchasing offers a wider range of choice on certified goods, which can ensure the quality of the goods. Among the consumers of overseas direct purchasing market, people who were born in the 1980s account for 60% of the total. Chinese consumers show particular interests in Korean clothes, fashion accessories and cosmetics among other products. For small and medium-size enterprises in Korea, it is practical for them to take advantage of such worldwide B2C enterprises to get into the Chinese domestic demand market as the first step, even without establishing a branch in China and acquiring related quality licensing, because such way comparatively needs lower cost and produces higher efficiency. As for the small and medium-size enterprises of South Korea, whose experiences and general environment are poor, I believe that establishing a bridgehead by occupying a place in such major overseas direct purchasing online retailer is the very first step to enter the Chinese domestic demand market. The thesis is trying to propose a suggestion for the straggler enterprises in Korea to find a way to relate to the fast changing environment in China, such as O2O, Fintech and so on, so as to grasp opportunities to take another leap.

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As one of the basic principles of WTO system, non-discrimination is reflected as national treatment and most-favored-nation treatment, and it is the same in the Government Procurement Agreement (GPA). This thesis has an analysis on the features of non-discrimination and its exceptions in the field of GPA by the interpretation of the non-discrimination clauses in GPA2012. The second part introduces the exceptions of non-discrimination principle applied by several parties in participating in GPA in order to provide references for China. Finally, this thesis focuses on the current legislation of government procurement and its conflicts against the non-discrimination principle in GPA, and then proposes the countermeasures of China during the negotiation on participation in GPA. Key

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In this paper, the basis of related category sand, sand industry, etc.We proposed to develop anti-desertification,sand industry is working to achieve ecological and economic benefits of “win-win” meeting point. On the basis of the status quo, to combat desertification and desert area in Inner Mongolia sand industry with a deep analysis, problem-oriented, through more serious desertification of Ordos, search for a large number of related research, studies and statistics, Proposed to combat desertification in Inner Mongolia. Develop sand industry is to achieve ecological and economic benefits “win-win” road. Besides, Development of sand industry should respect of the nature, Comply with the natural, focusing on prevention, protection first. Overall planning, adjusting measures to local conditions. policy guidance, voluntarily, subject pluralism, clear property rights and other principles; following with the “intensive cluster, integrated, centralized” and “four episodes ”concept, and to put forward specific measures for the development of sand industry in four aspects. Including: increase of the financial support, expand financing channels; strengthen the legal system, and the system security; innovated ecosystem management, of the Enterprise production, the development of tourism, energy use four modes, improve the industrial structure; linking the interests, to improve the mechanisms.

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This study measures the Hirschman concentration index, export similarity index, trade complementarity index, trade specialization index, revealed comparative advantage index for China, India, and Korea. The results show that China is more diversified, and in terms of trade specialization index, China is highest, Korea is second, India is the last. In the RCA measures, China has the strongest comparative advantages in the manufactures among the three countries even Korea has not a good comparative advantages. These results imply that Korea has lost its international comparativeness in the world market even it has comparative disadvantages to China and India has a comparative advantages to Korea in the world trade. It give a political implication that Korea’s trade structure should be changed to correspond to competitors in terms of trade competitiveness.

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본 연구는 최근 창장경제벨트, 일대일로와 더불어 중국의 3대 지역발전전략 으로 부상한 징진지 지역통합 추진 현황을 종합교통망 건설, 환경협력 메커니 즘 강화, 산업구조 조정 등의 3가지 측면에서 살펴보았다. 더불어 한국의 징진 지에 대한 수출과 투자 현황을 살펴봄으로써 향후 징진지 지역통합이 한국의 對징진지 진출 전략에 주는 시사점에 대해서 살펴보았다.

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